by Heisenberg
in "Physics and philosophy" :
The History of Quantum Theory
THE origin of quantum theory is connected with a well-known phenomenon, which did not belong to the central parts of atomic physics. Any piece of matter when it is heated starts to glow, gets red hot and white hot at higher temperatures. The colour does not depend much on the surface of the material, and for a black body it depends solely on the temperature. Therefore, the radiation emitted by such a black body (...)
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Physics and philosophy
15 September 2010, by Robert Paris -
The State and Revolution, Lenine
14 May 2008Lenine (Septembre 1917)
CLASS SOCIETY AND THE STATE
1. The State: A Product of the Irreconcilability of Class Antagonisms
What is now happening to Marx’s theory has, in the course of history, happened repeatedly to the theories of revolutionary thinkers and leaders of oppressed classes fighting for emancipation. During the lifetime of great revolutionaries, the oppressing classes constantly hounded them, received their theories with the most savage malice, the most furious hatred (...) -
The legacy of Charles Darwin - L’héritage de Charles Darwin
21 April 2015, by Robert ParisThe legacy of Charles Darwin
150 years since the publication of On the Origin of Species
Roy Farrar, from The Socialist (weekly paper of CWI England and Wales)
Charles Darwin’s theory of ’natural selection’ changed the way that we look at ourselves. It contradicted the idea of an outside ’intelligent designer’, so it met a reaction from the religious establishment that still exists in part today. Some schools, particularly in the US, are teaching evolution as ’one point of view’ (...) -
Estranged Labour, Karl Marx
25 October 2018"We have proceeded from the premises of political economy. We have accepted its language and its laws. We presupposed private property, the separation of labor, capital and land, and of wages, profit of capital and rent of land – likewise division of labor, competition, the concept of exchange value, etc. On the basis of political economy itself, in its own words, we have shown that the worker sinks to the level of a commodity and becomes indeed the most wretched of commodities; that the (...)
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John Reed, "Ten Days that Shook the World", 2nd part
23 February 2009Chapter IV
The Fall of the Provisional Government
WEDNESDAY, November 7th, I rose very late. The noon cannon boomed from Peter-Paul as I went down the Nevsky. It was a raw, chill day. In front of the State Bank some soldiers with fixed bayonets were standing at the closed gates.
“What side do you belong to?” I asked. “The Government?”
“No more Government,” one answered with a grin, “Slava Bogu! Glory to God!” That was all I could get out of him&….
The street-cars were running (...) -
Three uprisings in South Korea
10 July 2022, by Robert ParisThree uprisings in South Korea INTRODUCTION
Let us first recall that it was British and American imperialism that demanded that Stalin militarily occupy northern Asia and notably northern Korea while they occupied the south. Let us also remember that this had no military purpose because the war was then won in Japan crushed under the bombs and which only asked to capitulate. What motivated these imperialisms was the fear of a social revolution. In Korea, struck by misery and feudalism, (...) -
Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy
24 January 2022Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy
Frederick Engels
PART I - HEGEL
The volume before us (1) carries us back to a period which, although in time no more than a generation behind us, has become as foreign to the present generation in Germany as if it were already a hundred years old. Yet it was the period of Germany’s preparation for the Revolution of 1848; and all that has happened since then in our country has been merely a continuation of 1848, merely the (...) -
Hegel and Schelling (1802) - The Critical Journal of Philosophy
3 January 2022IN WHATEVER DOMAIN OF ART or [speculative] science it is employed, criticism requires a standard which is just as independent of the person who makes the judgment as it is of the thing that is judged – a standard derived neither from the singular [i.e. the immediate occasion for critical judgment] nor from the specific character of the [judging] subject, but from the eternal and unchangeable model [Urbild] of what really is [die Sache selbst]. Just as the idea of fine art is not first (...)
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The Civil War in France
7 January 2022The Beginning of the Franco-Prussian War
In the Inaugural Address of the International Working Men’s Association, of November 1864, we said:
“If the emancipation of the working classes requires their fraternal concurrence, how are they to fulfill that great mission with a foreign policy in pursuit of criminal designs, playing upon national prejudices, and squandering in piratical wars the people’s blood and treasure?”
We defined the foreign policy aimed at by the International in (...) -
Felix Morrow Anarchism in Spain
14 March 2009Felix Morrow
Anarchism in Spain
(January 1938)
The appearance of Rudolf Rocker’s The Tragedy of Spain warrants a proposal to the anarchists of the English-speaking world for a basic discussion of the role of anarchism in the Spanish revolution. As events dictate, Rocker’s pamphlet is in large part a damning indictment of the bourgeois-Stalinist counter-revolution. We subscribe to every jot and tittle of that indictment. Our comrades throughout the world have undertaken as their (...)
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